Since humans ran out of new kinds of animals and foods to domesticate thousands of years ago, we can study almost any edible plant or farm animal as a microcosm of human history.
This leads me to the term “industrial clock,” which refers to how we cannot escape the rhythms of the 40-hour week even after we retire.
And that brings me to the origin of the coffee break, which was developed by industrialist managers as a way to squeeze more productivity out of workers. I first encountered this curiosity when I was reviewing a book on the history of sugar many years ago.
Like many other crops, sugar started out as a luxury for the rich and powerful but then gradually filtered down until it became one of the many excessive burdens of the poor and powerless.
Over 100,000 people die of diabetes in the U.S. each year, and they are disproportionately from minority and poor communities.
Taking sugar with coffee or tea became habitual for workers during the industrial revolution. By now, virtually everyone goes through at least some phase of sugar addiction, it’s endemic.
And of course there are other risk factors for diabetes — smoking and obesity among them.
But wars have been fought and empires built on control of sugar or tea or coffee or bananas and every other foodstuff; that much is indisputable.
Meanwhile, I’m over six years into retirement and still living on the “industrial clock.”
(This is a rewrite of an essay from 2022.)
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